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G.A.科恩在《如果你是平等主义者，为何如此富有？》一书的第十讲《政治哲学与个人行为》中，提出并探讨了一个较为常见但哲学家们并不关注的问题：生活在不平等社会中的富有的平等主义者，有义务将其超出平等分配应得份额的收益捐助给穷人吗？如果没有捐助，他们能为其行为的正当性提供辩护理由吗？科恩列举了九种相关的理由，并对这些理由的可信性做了逐一的辨析和评价。
Abstract：In the lecture “Political Philosophy and Personal Behavior”,G. A. Cohen put forward and discussed a very common problem in daily life,which philosophers did not pay attention to:do rich egalitarians living in an unequal society have the obligation to donate their income beyond their fair share to the poor?If there is no donation,can they justify their actions?Cohen listed nine related reasons:donation does not help to reduce this alienation;donation will not increase the number of good lives;personal donations are just a drop in the bucket;norms of equality are the obligation of the state rather than individuals;donation can't touch the fundamental injustice of the inequality of power,etc. Cohen analyzed and evaluated the credibility of these reasons one by one.
(1)G.A.Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press,2000.
(2)吉福德讲座(Gifford Lectures)是世界上最负盛名的哲学与神学系列讲座之一。自1888年起在苏格兰的四所古老大学(阿伯丁大学、爱丁堡大学、格拉斯哥大学和圣安德鲁斯大学)轮流举办。该讲座由苏格兰法官亚当·吉福德爵士(Lord Adam Gifford,1820-1887)设立,旨在推动“自然神学”(natural theology)的研究,即用科学和理性的方法探讨神学问题,而非依赖宗教启示。许多世界顶尖的学者,如威廉·詹姆斯(William James)、伯纳德·鲍桑葵(Bernard Bosanquet)、阿尔弗雷德·诺斯·怀特海(Alfred North Whitehead)、约翰·杜威(John Dewey)、卡尔·巴特(Karl Barth)、雷蒙·阿隆(Raymond Aron)曾受邀主讲,他们的演讲内容往往成为其重要的学术著作。
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.148.
(2)Cohen,IfYou're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.149.
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.151.
(1)一位著名的英国哲学家,以其在道德哲学、政治哲学以及个人身份和自我概念方面的研究而闻名。
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.157.
(2)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.158.
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.159.
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.159.
(2)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?pp.159-160.
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.162.
(1)20世纪后半叶至今最具影响力的法学家、政治哲学家和道德哲学家之一,先后任教于耶鲁大学、牛津大学和纽约大学。
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.165.
(2)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.166.
(1)美国哲学家,现任纽约大学哲学与法学荣休教授,是当代最具影响力的哲学家之一,以其在心灵哲学、政治哲学、伦理学和认识论等领域的深刻见解而闻名。
(1)Thomas Nagel,"Libertarianism Without Foundations,"in Reading Nozick:Essays on Anarchy,State,and Utopia,Jeffrey Paul ed.,Totowa:Rowman and Littlefield,1981,pp.199-200.
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.171.
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?pp.175-176.
(2)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.177.
(1)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?p.179.
(2)Cohen,If You're an Egalitarian,How Come You're So Rich?back cover.
基本信息:
中图分类号:D0;B711
引用信息:
[1]段忠桥.富有的平等主义者有义务捐助穷人吗？——读G.A.科恩的《政治哲学与个人行为》[J].政治思想史,2026,17(01):34-49+228.
2026-03-10
2026-03-10